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VESSEL VOLUME CALCULATOR

Calculate volumes for vertical, horizontal and spherical vessels with all head types. Correct equations for each head. Live vessel drawing updates as you type. Full partial fill strapping table included.

🎨Live vessel drawing 📐All head types — correct equations 📊Partial fill strapping table 📄PDF & CSV download
VESSEL PARAMETERS
HEAD TYPE EQUATIONS
2:1 Ellipsoidal V = πD³/24
Hemispherical V = πD³/12
Torispherical V ≈ 0.0847×D³
Conical V=(π×h/3)×R²
Flat Head V = 0 (negligible)
VESSEL DRAWING
Enter dimensions to see drawing

UPDATES LIVE WITH INPUTS

VOLUME BREAKDOWN
Top Head Volume
Shell Volume
Bottom Head Volume
Total Volume (m³)
Total Volume (Litres)
Working Volume (85%)
Fluid Mass (100% filled)
USE CASES
→ Level transmitter calibration (strapping table) → Process fluid inventory calculations → Hydrotest water volume planning → NPSH available calculation → Alarm & trip setpoint engineering → Relief valve sizing (vapor space)
PARTIAL FILL — STRAPPING TABLE

Volume at each liquid level — for level transmitter calibration, inventory management and alarm setpoint engineering.

Level %Level (mm)Volume (m³)Volume (Litres)Fluid Mass (kg)

What is a Vessel Volume Calculator?

A vessel volume calculator determines the total internal volume of a pressure vessel, storage tank or process vessel based on its geometry. For process engineers and mechanical engineers, accurate vessel volume is required for level transmitter calibration, fluid inventory calculations, hydrotest planning, relief valve sizing and alarm setpoint engineering.

This tool handles vertical vessels, horizontal vessels and spherical vessels, with all standard dish head types — 2:1 ellipsoidal, hemispherical, torispherical (Klopper), conical and flat. It also generates a partial fill strapping table showing volume at every 5% level increment, which is essential for level transmitter calibration and custody transfer applications.

Head Type Equations Explained

The choice of dish head type significantly affects vessel volume, especially for smaller vessels with a large head-to-shell ratio. Each head type has a specific volume formula based on its geometry.

2:1 Ellipsoidal Head — The most common dish head in process vessels. The depth equals one quarter of the shell diameter. Volume per head = πD³/24. Used in most ASME VIII vessels from refinery and petrochemical plants.
Hemispherical Head — The strongest head type, with depth equal to half the shell diameter. Volume per head = πD³/12. Used in high-pressure vessels and reactor heads where wall thickness is critical.
Torispherical Head (Klopper) — A shallower head with a large crown radius and small knuckle radius. Approximate volume per head = 0.0847D³. Common in European-designed vessels per EN 13445 standard.
Conical Head — Used as a bottom outlet for solids-handling vessels, hoppers and silos. Volume calculated using truncated cone formula based on the cone half-angle and shell radius.
Flat Head — Used in low-pressure vessels and heat exchanger channels. Head volume is considered negligible in this calculator.

Engineering Applications

Level Transmitter Calibration

The partial fill strapping table gives volume at each liquid level, used to calibrate differential pressure transmitters, guided wave radar and displacer level instruments.

Hydrotest Volume

Calculate the exact water volume required to fill a vessel to 100% for hydrostatic pressure testing per ASME VIII or PED requirements. Plan water supply and disposal logistics.

Alarm & Trip Setpoints

Convert between liquid level in millimetres and volume in litres to calculate high level alarm (HH/H) and low level alarm (LL/L) setpoints for the vessel control philosophy.

Relief Valve Sizing

Determine the vapour space volume above the operating liquid level — an input parameter for fire case and blocked outlet relief valve sizing calculations per API 520/521.

Frequently Asked Questions

What dimensions should I enter for shell length?

Enter the tangent-to-tangent (T-T) length — the length of the cylindrical shell section only, measured from the tangent lines where the heads begin to curve. Do not include the head depths in this measurement.

How accurate is the strapping table?

The strapping table uses the theoretical geometric equations for each head type. For custody transfer applications, always use the vendor-certified strapping table from the vessel manufacturer, which accounts for actual head geometry, nozzle penetrations and shell thickness.

Can I use this for horizontal separators?

Yes — select Horizontal Vessel and choose your head type. The tool correctly calculates total vessel volume for horizontal orientation. The strapping table for horizontal vessels uses a simplified linear approximation; for precise horizontal partial-fill calculations, a dedicated horizontal vessel strapping tool is recommended.

Standards & References

Head volume equations are based on standard fabrication geometry per ASME BPVC Section VIII Division 1 — Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels, and EN 13445 — Unfired Pressure Vessels. Torispherical head volume uses the Klopper approximation widely referenced in process engineering literature. Results are for preliminary engineering estimation — always verify with the vessel manufacturer's certified data sheet and drawing.